physics story

          Long time ago, our great physicist Sir Isaac Newton founded classical mechanics, that is, the mechanical movements, energy, momentum that compile the foundation to university students of science.

         Classical mechanical point of view is absolute. In classical mechanics, one knowing the position and momentum of an object, the state of the object can be uniquely determined. In other words, the position and velocity of the object is predictable.

         He achieved great success in terms of macroscopic and low speed system, for example, an astrophysicist at once, by Newtonian mechanics, predicted trajectory of  Neptune, and then is found by an astronomer. This is an example of excellent application of classical mechanics.  (http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c4b3a465783e0912a2162a9e.html)

         Next, Ostered, Faraday, ... , discovered the electric-magnetic interactions. Great physicist Maxwell then governed almost all electromagnetic phenomena to a set of four equations. At this time the development of physics seem to be at summit.

         In fact, Kelvin, Gibbs, Helmholtz,... and the master of statistical physicist Boltzman, setting up the thermodynamics given the relation between macroscopic and microscopic state. Simply put, according to Newton’s classical laws of motion plus Electromagnetic theory, statistical averaging on the mechanism of microscopic atoms giving a nature system of almost like of macroscopic system, thanks to the famous Maxwell-Boltzmann statistical formulas.

         However, the blackbody radiation, hydrogen atom spectroscopy, photoelectric effect, Compton effect lead to quantum mechanics level. The salient features of quantum mechanics theory is non-absolute. In quantum mechanics, everything is relative, not absolute. The most apparent slogan is light is either wave or particle. After being extended by de Broglie, noting all matter has wave
Particle duality. Wave-particle duality led to many consequences, one of which is the famous Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
         For example, in quantum mechanics, the position and momentum of the particle can not  be measured accurately in simultaneous, and so for energy and time can not be measured accurately in simultaneous. That is, if the measured particle momentum is absolutely accurate, then the measured location of the particle necessary to galaxy-inaccurate. If you want to measure accurately energy of the particles, it would take an infinite amount of time, thanks to the wave-particle duality nature. After Planck, Heisenberg, de Broglie, Schrodinger, Bonn, Bohr, Pauli and others efforts, quantum mechanics Established.




noted! mostly content here is directly taken from http://emuch.net/html/201106/3227802.html